Παθητική ψύξη με τη χρήση ψυχρών υλικών.

Abstract

Στόχος αυτής της πτυχιακής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη μιας νέας τεχνολογίας στο χώρο των δομικών υλικών, της τεχνολογίας των ‘Ψυχρών Υλικών’ . Το κίνητρο που μου έδωσε την ώθηση για την εκπόνηση της πτυχιακής αυτής μελέτης ήταν το γεγονός ότι το πρόβλημα του φαινομένου της ‘αστικής θερμικής νησίδας’ γίνεται ολοένα και εντονότερο με αποτέλεσμα την αναγκαιότητα άμεσης αντιμετώπισης του προβλήματος αυτού. Η χρήση των ψυχρών υλικών στα κτίρια είναι ένας από τους τρόπους αντιμετώπισης αυτού του φαινόμενου, είναι και μια μέθοδος εξοικονόμησης ενέργειας. Μια τεχνολογία φιλική προς το περιβάλλον.

The subject of this project is the study of a new technology for the construction of roofs, in the area of structural materials, the so called “Cool Materials” technology. The motive that gave me the impulse to elaborate this project was the “Urban Heat Island” phenomenon. This phenomenon is a problem which continuously grows and as a result it needs to be instantly confronted. One of the ways to deal with it is the use of cool materials in construction of buildings. The cool materials technology is capable of repelling solar radiation and keeping roof surfaces cool. This is possible due to the material characteristics, which have high albedo and thermal emmitance, so on one hand they reflect solar radiation and on the other hand they release the heat stored in the building at night. Substituting conventional materials with cool ones, we can reduce the use of refrigeration power and consequently achieve energy saving. Additionally, the use of those materials can reduce the temperature levels, decelerate ozone formation and increasing human comfort. Cool materials for buildings are usually separated in three categories: colors and pigments, fiberglass and tiles. In this project, the construction of those materials and the development of new methods in order to increase their albedo is examined. The application of those materials in building roofs is presented with some examples and the percentage of the energy saving they induced is countered. Finally, in this project are considered the terms of cool structural materials, which have been formulated in several energy efficiency standards.